2. Introduction

2.1 Background

The National Disability Authority (NDA) is the national independent statutory body established to advise the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform on policy and practice relating to people with disabilities. It was set up in 1999 by an Act of the Oireachtas called the National Disability Authority Act 1999. The NDA has been in operation since June 2000 and has undertaken a wide range of activities in an effort to achieve better outcomes for people with disabilities.

The work of the NDA includes:

  • advising the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform to develop policy on issues concerning people with disabilities;
  • researching, collecting and analysing information on issues related to disability and services for people with disabilities;
  • advising on standards and quality of services for people with disabilities;
  • preparing codes of practice that will help achieve high standards and good quality in services for people with disabilities;
  • monitoring the establishment and use of standards and codes of practice;
  • acknowledging when services have achieved high standards and good quality;
  • working with those who provide services to people with disabilities and helping and supporting them in establishing quality standards; and
  • establishing the Centre for Excellence in Universal Design, which contributes to development and promotion of standards, awareness, education and professional development in the field of Universal Design.

As part of its work, the NDA has commissioned White Young Green to prepare a guidance document that provides advice in relation to safe egress and evacuation for people with disabilities. The guidelines are based in the context of Irish legislation and Building Regulations, and draw on relevant local and international good practice.

2.2 The Aims of This Document

Over many years, guidance has focused on improving both accessibility and the use of buildings and facilities for all potential users. Equal importance must also be given to ensuring safe egress. Recent developments in health and safety legislation require this to be addressed. This guide can assist building operators to meet their obligation to create a safe environment for all.

The main aims of this document are:

  • Aim 1 - to provide the reader with an appreciation of the problem and an understanding of egress issues that particularly affect people with disabilities;
  • Aim 2 - to impart the ability to identify egress features that are normally designed into buildings and the capability of using this information in preparing risk assessments and emergency evacuation plans;
  • Aim 3 - to give guidance on providing safe egress for people with disabilities; and
  • Aim 4 - to identify good practice in relation to safe egress for people with disabilities.

Building managers, for example, may face the following questions when designing egress policies and procedures:

  • How does a person with a hearing impairment know when a fire alarm is activated?
  • How does a wheelchair user vacate an upper storey of a property if the passenger lifts cannot be used during evacuation?
  • How would a person with learning difficulties understand complex escape signage?
  • Is safe egress for people with disabilities the responsibility of the Fire Service or building management?
  • What support does a person with a cognitive or mental health impairment require?

This document provides guidance on safe egress of publicly owned and operated buildings for people with disabilities. The document covers:

  • guidance in relation to management policy, planning and practices;
  • background into the behaviour of people during evacuation;
  • general building design issues;
  • information on assistive technology and equipment;
  • issues specific to certain building types and uses; and
  • where to get additional information.

Good practice has been identified from relevant publications. The following list identifies the main documents reviewed:

  • NDA (2002), Building for Everyone, The National Disability Authority, Dublin;
  • The Building Regulations (Ireland) 1997-2006, Technical Booklet M 2004 - Access for People with Disabilities;
  • The Building Regulations (Ireland) 1997-2006, Technical Booklet B2006 - Fire Safety;
  • BS8300: 2001, Design of Buildings and Their Approaches to Meet the Needs of Disabled People - Code of Practice, The British Standards Institution;
  • BS5588, Fire Precautions in Design and Construction of Buildings, The British Standards Institution, 1988;
  • Health and Safety Authority guidance document for the healthcare sector - How to Develop and Implement a Safety and Health Management System.

Owing to the new accessibility responsibilities placed on public sector bodies in Part 3 of the Disability Act (2005) this document provides a background introduction to the principles of safe egress and specific guidance on requirements for public sector buildings only. Although this document does not provide specific guidance to the private sector, the general principles are applicable. Appendix 4 identifies further reading.

It is recognised that the skills required to make a meaningful assessment of the built environment, together with the incorporated fire safety systems and the specific needs of people with disabilities, are highly specialised. External guidance could be obtained from suitably qualified and experienced persons such as:

  • access auditors;
  • fire risk assessors; and
  • fire engineers.

In any event, an egress audit carried out by an independent expert should form an intrinsic part of any access audit or fire risk assessment.

2.3 Target Audience

The guide offers good practice advice on how to provide safe egress from buildings for people with disabilities. It is envisaged that the guidelines will be of interest to designated managers, facilities managers, accommodation officers, health and safety personnel, access officers, disability liaison officers, human resource professionals and others who have a responsibility to ensure the accessibility and safety of the built environment.

It will also be of interest to design consultants and disability organisations involved with accessibility matters as well as people with disabilities and their families and carers.

It is anticipated that the guide will be used in two ways:

  • A designated manager may use the document to ensure suitable procedures or facilities are in place to warrant safe egress; or
  • A designer may refer to the guidelines to ensure good practice within their design.

How to Use This Document

This document is structured to follow the principles of a typical safety and health management system. This management system identifies the key elements needed to assist the target audience in providing egress for all. The six key elements of the management system form the main chapter headings of this document. Figure 1 outlines the relationship between them.

Initial Review

This section outlines the information that needs to be collected to enable an emergency egress plan to be developed, and to set the scope and outcomes of the planning process.

Egress Policy

An understanding of egress policy and relevant statutory requirements, guidelines and standards are detailed within this section. It also identifies who is responsible for ensuring safe means of escape.

Planning for Egress

This is one of the main sections of the document and sets out the principal information required to assist with planning for safe egress. Information relating to the problem, egress issues affecting people with disabilities, risk assessment, consultation, planning and design issues are all discussed.

Implementing Your Egress Plan

Issues relating to managing and implementing the egress plan are described within this section. A planned and systematic approach to implementing egress procedures will ensure safe egress for all. The section includes information relating to managing egress, personal emergency egress plans, evacuation aids and training.

Measuring Performance of Your Egress Plan

Information relating to measurement, monitoring and evaluating a safe egress system are included within this section.

Reviewing Performance of Your Egress Plan

Details on the procedures required to review the egress system are contained here.

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